1
2
  -2023
  
 
(     )
 :    : 75
:    ,             
          
-
1.   -  ?    ? -   
  
2.         ?       
-
3.              
    
4.               :
-+=3
2x+yz-2
+2y-2z=-1
2
2
-
5.             30-40   
      :
 (.)
15-20
20-30
30-40
45-55
5-70
 

73
97
110
183
140
6. (a)            :

(b)   f(x)      3/8     x=0.1  x1.0 
 f(x)    

0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
1.001
1.008
1.027
1.064
1.125

0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.216
1.343
1.512
1.729
2.0
-
7.      -  ?    - 
8. ()   ?    ?
(b)             


12
25
3
2
17
30
  -2023
  
 
(     )
 :    : 75
:    ,             
          
-
1.   -  ?    ? -   
  
: -  ,     -     
                   
 
1. - 
-      ,          
 , -        
4
2
-      :
a)  : y = x^2 + 3x + 2 b)  : y = 2^xc)  : y =
log(x) d)   : y = sin(x) e) 1      : y = x^3 -
2x^2 + 4
  ,               
    ,             , 
     
2. -   
-              
               
     :
)    - ,         
     
) -        , 
  -            
) :             -
     
)     ,          
   -     
)  : -    3D     
       
)         - 
   
)            
    -       
) :   -          
           
3. - 
-  (          )     
   -            ,   x
           f(x) = 0 ,  f(x)  - 
5
2
      :
1:       ,  x0 
 :      f(x0)  
 3:        f'(x0)  
 4:            : x1 = x0 - f(x0) / f'(x0)
 5x1      2-4  ,  x2,     
         
N    : xn+1 = xn - f(xn) / f'(xn)
                x-   
          
4. -     ?
         ,      :
         -  f(x)   x-
   x0                 
(x0, f(x0)) 
,            f'(x0)    , x0 
  
     : y - f(x0) = f'(x0)(x - x0)
          x-   ,    
     , y = 0,      :
0 - f(x0) = f'(x0)(x - x0) x = x0 - f(x0) / f'(x0)
              
5. -   
)  :       , -    
   ,              

) :            
)  :  -          
6.   
-          :
6
2
)  :            
      ,         
 
)           ,  
        
)   :       ,     
 
d)      ,       
          
)   ,          
7.  
 -     ,         
           5     
             : f(x) = x^2 - 5 = 0
    : f'(x) = 2x
 x0 = 2       ( 2^2 = 4 , 5   )
 1: x1 = x0 - f(x0) / f'(x0) = 2 - (2^2 - 5) / (2*2) = 2 - (-1) / 4 = 2.25
 2: x2 = 2.25 - (2.25^2 - 5) / (2*2.25) ≈ 2.2361111111
 3: x3 ≈ 2.2360679775
    ,    5  10       
!    2.2360679775 ,     
8.  
 , -    ,       
   :
)           )   - 
         
     :


def _(f, f_prime, x0, =1e-6, max_iterations=100):
7
2
 = x
i       :
 = ()
 abs(fx) < :
 x
 = _()
 dfx == 0:
    #   
 =  -  / 
None  #      
# sqrt(5)     
(x):
x**2 - 5 
f_(x):
2*x 
 = _(f, f_prime, 2)
(f"sqrt(5)  : {}")
       -      ,  
         
9.  
-            
        ,            
   
8
2
  1671    "        "   
  ,                
  1690           
     ,           ,  
   1740      , "-"   
   ,            
   -    -    
           ,       
            
         ,  -    
     -       
2.         ?       
1. : -   
    ,             - , x  
 f(x) = 0            ,
                  
        
               (
      )       ,        
         -   
2.
  
                 
       :
a)  , a  b    ,   f(a)  f(b)     
   a  b       
)          ,      
     (a, f(a))  (b, f(b))      
c)    x-    ,         
 c 
9
2
d)   f(c)     f(c) = 0,      , 
a  b     c   ,         f(c)   

)                 

  c     :
 = ( * () -  * ()) / (() - ())
3.
        
          :
)     ,          
    ,             
b)       ,   ,     
     ,          
)  :         ,   
    
d)      -   (   )  , 
           ,     
  
) :                 ,
           
4.     
,           :
) :
:     
 :             
)  :
:               
 :     ,         
   
) :
:  ,      
10
2
 :    ,          
) :
:    
 :     ,     
)    :
:           ,    
  
 :          
)     :
:               
 :         
5.  
         ,       :
    x-      y-   
  x-            
 :
        
             
  :
 (a, f(a))  (b, f(b))       
     x-     -     
   :       "" ,    
          
6.   
  : :
           ,     
  
11
2
     .
        
:
          
            - 

 : :
     .
   ,  
           
:
         ,    
       ,   
7.      
                
  :
      :
o                
o              
o     
     :
o       -
o   ,       
o    
o N         
8.  
              
 :
12
2
)  :           :
   
  ( |f(x)|      )
   ( |b - a|       )
) - :    -      
        
)   :         
             

)  :            
 ( )    
9.  
       ,        
                
           
      -         
                
        
10. 
 ,                
                ( 
       )         ,  
       
               
       -         
           ,    
       
 ,     ,  -         
  ,              
 ,  
13
2
-
3.              
    
1. :     
        ,         
                (  
              )   :
2x + 3y - z = 1 x - y + 2z = -2 3x + 2y + z = 4
  x, y  z             
2. - 
-              
                
                
     
     :
1.  (  )       
2.            ,     
    
3.             ,      
            
4.        
5.  2-4           ( 
 )
      :
    : 4x - y + z = 7 x + 5y + 2z = 13 x + y + 3z = 10
 1:        : x = (7 + y - z) / 4 y = (13 - x -
2z) / 5 z = (10 - x - y) / 3
 2:       x = 0, y = 0, z = 0    
 3:  : x = (7 + 0 - 0) / 4 = 1.75 y = (13 - 1.75 - 2(0)) / 5 = 2.25 z = (10 - 1.75 -
2.25) / 3 = 2
14
2
 4:  : x = (7 + 2.25 - 2) / 4 = 1.8125 y = (13 - 1.8125 - 2(2)) / 5 = 1.4375 z =
(10 - 1.8125 - 1.4375) / 3 = 2.25
              
3. -   
)  :                ,
       -    
)       
) :   ,         (
                 ),    
  
)  :  -         
  
4. -   
)     ,         ,  -
          
)     :      
     
)        ,      

5. - 
,    -          
      ,             
 (         )
     :
1.          (  ,  
)
2.               
  
3.      
     :
4x - y + z = 7 x + 5y + 2z = 13 x + y + 3z = 10
15
2
 1:      : [4 -1 1 | 7] [1 5 2 | 13] [1 1 3 | 10]
 2:   1   0          :
[1 0 0 | 2] [0 1 0 | 3] [0 0 1 | 1]
 3:  : x = 2, y = 3, z = 1
6. -   
)  :        
)  :        
)  :            
) :         ,       
   
7. -   
)  :    ,        
   
b)    :            
)  :   ,     ,    
  
8. -  -   
)    :
-: ,     
-: ,      (   )
) :
-: ,   (  )     
-:             
)  :
-:   - ,       
-:            
  
16
2
) :
-:          ,    
     
-:     ,       

) :
-:            , -
    
-:      -      
)  :
-:            
-:        
9.      
-     :
   ,    
   
    
      
-     :
          
     
   (     )
    
10.     
-  19        ,  -    19 
                   
   :
:  ,    
:   ,   
17
2
:  , - 
 :   , 3D 
 :       
  ,          
                    
   -              
11. 
-  -           
  ,             
    ,   ,     
   
-         ,         
     ,    ,      
 ,           
 , -               
                
            
             
           -    
      ,         
-           
4.               :
-+=3
2x+yz-2
+2y-2z=-1
: ,       :
1.  -  + = 3
2. 2x + y - z = 2
18
2
3.  + 2y - 2z = -1
                  
,        ,          
            ,    
          ,     
 1:   
 ,              
                :
[1 -1 1 | 3] [2 1 -1 | 2] [1 2 -2 | -1]
     ,     
    x, y
 z      
      
  
 2:    
,                 
      (   
)      
a)  ,     x          :  
-2          :
[1 -1 1 | 3] [0 3 -3 | -4] [1 2 -2 | -1]
b) ,    x    :       :
[1 -1 1 | 3] [0 3 -3 | -4] [0 3 -3 | -4]
c)                 
         ,        :
  1      -1/3   :
[1 -1 1 | 3] [0 1 -1 | -4/3] [0 3 -3 | -4]
d) ,    y          :   
   :
[1 0 0 | 5/3] [0 1 -1 | -4/3] [0 3 -3 | -4]
)  ,    y         :    
  3   :
[1 0 0 | 5/3] [0 1 -1 | -4/3] [0 0 0 | 0]
19
2
 3:    
           ,       
           
                  
         
  ,             [0 0 0 | 0]  
  0x + 0y + 0z = 0  , x, y  z        
             
  [0 0 0 | k]    ,  k    -  ,  0 = k 
 ,             
 
    ,        :
  : x = 5/3   : y - z = -4/3
 z y       : z = y + 4/3
           ,   y      
 ,     z  x        
    
        :
x = 5/3 y = t ( t     ) z = t + 4/3
            
 :
1. x - y + z = 3 5/3 - t + (t + 4/3) = 5/3 - t + t + 4/3 = 3
2. 2x + y - z = 2 2(5/3) +  - ( + 4/3) = 10/3 +  -  - 4/3 = 2
3. x + 2y - 2z = -1 5/3 + 2t - 2(t + 4/3) = 5/3 + 2t - 2t - 8/3 = -1
   t        ,    
 :
1.              
     
2.      ,        
3.         ,       
20
2
4.   : x = 5/3, y = t, z = t + 4/3,  t      
      x, y  z          
  y         ,   x  z       

  ,   -        
            (5/3, 0, 4/3)    
  t = 0   ,  t           
  
         ,     
   , ,           
        , :
1.  :3D  2D         
     
2.           
      
3.  :           
   
4.  :           
  
       ,  ,      
      ,              
              
     
   ,        ,     
                ,
         
              ,  ,   
     ,          
            
            
   ,           , 
        ,    ,     
       -     
                
21
2
-
5.             30-40   
      :
 (.)
15-20
20-30
30-40
45-55
5-70
 

73
97
110
183
140
: ,         :        
                  30-40
               (110 ), 
                   ,
         
,       :
1.    ?          
           ,    
,                 
2.      ?            
       ,        
       
3.  :             
                 
  
,       :
1:              x- 
       y-         :
x0 = 17.5 (15-20  ), y0 = 73 x1 = 25 (20-30  ), y1 = 97 x2 = 35 (30-40 
), y2 = 110 (        ) x3 = 50 (45-55  ), y3 =
183 x4 = 62.5 (55-70  ), y4 = 140
 :          :
(x) = Σ(yi * Li(x))
22
2
 Li(x) = Π(x - xj) / (xi - xj)  j ≠ i
   ,      :
L(x)    
yi   y- (  ) 
Li(x)     
x             (  , 35)
xi  xj   x-  (    )
 3:        L0(35), L1(35), L3(35),  L4(35)   
   L2(35)               
  
0(35) = (35-25)(35-35)(35-50)(35-62.5) / (17.5-25)(17.5-35)(17.5-50)(17.5-62.5) 1(35)
= (35-17.5)(35-35)(35-50)(35-62.5) / (25-17.5)(25-35)(25-50)(25-62.5) 3(35) = (35-
17.5)(35-25)(35-35)(35-62.5) / (50-17.5)(50-25)(50-35)(50-62.5) 4(35) = (35-17.5)(35-
25)(35-35)(35-50) / (62.5-17.5)(62.5-25)(62.5-35)(62.5-50)
 4:              :
(35) = 730(35) + 971(35) + 1833(35) + 1404(35)
 5:        ,      
                ,  110 
    
  :      ,  110      ,
                  
 
   ?
1.     :   30-40      , 
                
 
2.                
,        
3.   :             
          ,       
      ( 40-45)
23
2
  :
1. :        ,      
  ,      
2.     ,         
,        
3.  :   ,       

  :
1. :    ,        
  
2.  :         
3.  :     
4. :          
   ,              
      ,   30-40       
      ,         ,   
              
           
             ,  ,   
  ,            
         ,      
            
     
 ,            ,  
              ,
                
            

24
2
6. (a)            :

:   
                
                
             ,   
      (  ,   )       
             ,
      
               (    
 )           
   
:
a  b    ,
n     (           ),
a     ,
x0,x1,x2,…,xn_ [a,b][a, b][a,b]     ,
f(xi)       
         1, 4  2       
:
        x=0  x=5    
   ,  --  
25
2
 1:     (nnn)
 ,              n=6n
= 6n=6 ,  [0,5][0, 5][0,5] 6       
 2:   (hhh)     
        :
      0.8333   
 3: xix_ixi    
   x0,x1,x2,…,x6x_0, x_1, x_2, \dots, x_6x0,x1,x2,…,x6    
   :
        f(x)   
 4: f(xi)   
 ,   f(x)=       .
 5:     
,          :
26
2
         :
 
       6     ∫05dx1+x4\int_0^5
\frac{dx}{1 + x^4}∫051+x4dx     1.1275
   
:
1.             
2.            
3.                 
   
4.            ,   
     
5.   , 6        1.1275   
              ,
                 
  
    :
      ,         
          ,     
         ,        , 
                  
         
:
 ,              
             
  ,              
   ,            
, 6      0  5        1.1275 
  

27
2
(b)   f(x)      3/8     x=0.1  x1.0 
 f(x)    

0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
1.001
1.008
1.027
1.064
1.125

0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.216
1.343
1.512
1.729
2.0
:  3/8             ,
                , 
f(x) (Y  )         xxx (XXX  ) 
     ,     3/8      x=0.1x =
0.1x=0.1  x=1.0x = 1.0x=1.0           

 1:   3/8   
  3/8                
        1/3         
        ,        
  
  3/8   :
:
a  bbb    ,
x0,x1,x2,…,xn        ,
h    ,   h=b−anh = \frac{b - a}{n}h=nb−a     
,  nnn     (  3/8  , nnn 3    ),
f(x0),f(x1),…,f(n)     (YYY      )
 2:       3/8   
  :
 xxx  f(x) (Y  )        :
28
2
 x=0.1x  x=1.0x  f(x)       
 :
  hhh xxx        ,     :
=0.1
  :
 10   (x=0.1x = 0.1 ),  9    3/8      
 ,    3       , 9 3   ,   
    
 3:   3/8       
,     3/8         , 
         :
 4:   3/8        
     :
1.   hhh 0.1 .
2.   3/8   
 ,   :
    :
1.0011.0011.001   .
3(1.008)=3.0243(1.008) = 3.0243(1.008)=3.024,
29
2
3(1.027)=3.0813(1.027) = 3.0813(1.027)=3.081,
2(1.064)=2.1282(1.064) = 2.1282(1.064)=2.128,
3(1.125)=3.3753(1.125) = 3.3753(1.125)=3.375,
3(1.216)=3.6483(1.216) = 3.6483(1.216)=3.648,
2(1.343)=2.6862(1.343) = 2.6862(1.343)=2.686,
3(1.512)=4.5363(1.512) = 4.5363(1.512)=4.536,
3(1.729)=5.1873(1.729) = 5.1873(1.729)=5.187,
2.02.02.0  .
,     :
 5:   
  3/8       x=0.1  x=1.0x  f(x)     
 1.150

  ,                
      3/8          
         ,      
  
  3/8        :
1.      3    
2.   xxx  f(x)f(x)f(x)       ,    
3.            
                  
  ,          -   
               ,   3/8
          
30
2
-
7.      -  ?    - 
:    :
               
               
     :
1.  ( )
2. 
3. 
4.  
5.  
6.  
,             : ,   
       -     
1.  :
 ,        ,      
:               
:  = (    ) / (  )
   :
)              , 
        
b)   
       ,     
   ,     
)       :      
         
)       ,       , 
  ,    
)      :         
   ,         
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2
   :
)      ():       
     ,        

)      :    , ,  
       
)           :      
             
d)    
   :      
       ,    
2. :
                    
:
     :  
     :    
  :
)     :         ,   
           
)     :  ,        
    (           )
)      :  ,     
    
d)           ,   
      
)              
      ,      
  :
a)   
   :        , 
      
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2
b)              
    ,          
c)          ,   
      
d)        :   ,     
    
3. :
           
       ( )   
  :
)      :     ,     
    ,          
)     :           
c)             ()  
     
d)        :       ,
         
)                ,
          
  :
)   :               ,
   
)    :  ,        
 ,             
)    :   ,            
       
)        :      
        
  :
         ,        :
1.   :
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2
o        
o    ,         
o      ,        
2.   :
o    , ,        
o    ,   ,     
3.   :
o       ,      
     
4.   :
o           
o    ( )        , 
  
5.   :
o      , ,      
o    ,           
 ,                
                 
     ,             
  ,              
 :
  >  ,     
  < ,     
   ,   
     ,      ,   
             
             
     ,        
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2
               , 
                (
,    )          
                
           ,    
         ,     
          ,    - 
 ,         
      
8. ()   ?    ?
(b)             


12
25
17
30
()   ?     ?
                
  ,                  
      
  -1  +1     , :
+1         
-1         
0         
    :
1.  -    , -     
, -   ,      
35
2
2.  -    ,     , -
     ,     
3.   :              , 
        
  :
1.          ,     
        
2.   ,    ,      
       
3.  :     ,      
           
4.  : ,           

5.   ,        
      
6.  :           
       
         -      
  ,              
        
()           
  ,       r       , 
             
   (r)  :
 = Σ(( - )( - )) / √(Σ( - )² * Σ( - )²)
: X  Y   X
, X    Ȳ, Y    Σ    
           :
: 10, 12, 24, 25, 20 : 13, 17, 25, 30, 10
 1:  (X  Ȳ)   
 = (10 + 12 + 24 + 25 + 20) / 5 = 91 / 5 = 18.2  = (13 + 17 + 25 + 30 + 10) / 5 = 95 / 5
= 19
36
2
 2:       (X - X)  (Y - Ȳ)   
 - : 10 - 18.2 = -8.2 12 - 18.2 = -6.2 24 - 18.2 = 5.8 25 - 18.2 = 6.8 20 - 18.2 = 1.8
 - : 13 - 19 = -6 17 - 19 = -2 25 - 19 = 6 30 - 19 = 11 10 - 19 = -9
 3:     (X - X)(Y - Ȳ), (X - X)²,  (Y - Ȳ)²   
(X - X
)(Y - Ȳ): (-8.2)(-6) = 49.2 (-6.2)(-2) = 12.4 (5.8)(6) = 34.8 (6.8)(11) = 74.8 (1.8)(-9) = -16.2
( - )²: (-8.2)² = 67.24 (-6.2)² = 38.44 (5.8)² = 33.64 (6.8)² = 46.24 (1.8)² = 3.24
( - )²: (-6)² = 36 (-2)² = 4 (6)² = 36 (11)² = 121 (-9)² = 81
 4:     
Σ((X - X
)(Y - Ȳ)) = 49.2 + 12.4 + 34.8 + 74.8 + (-16.2) = 155
Σ(X - X
)² = 67.24 + 38.44 + 33.64 + 46.24 + 3.24 = 188.8
Σ( - )² = 36 + 4 + 36 + 121 + 81 = 278
 5:   
 = 155 / √(188.8 * 278) = 155 / √52486.4 = 155 / 229.1 = 0.677
, X  Y      0.677
  :
0.677    X  Y         
      - X  , Y   ,   -- 
 
   :
1         
0.5         
0.7         
 0.677         ,   
  
    X    Y      ,      

  ,  X  Y 
      ,   
 :
1. X  Y     
37
2
2. X      Y       ,   
    
3. X      Y    ,   
            ,   
  -    X, Y       , Y, X   
   ,     ,      
   ,           
         (0.677)    ,    
      X  Y    ,      
               
             
:             ( )       
          ,             